A barn or shed roof, gutters, a storage tank and a trough make a simple water supply for pastures without a well, or a backup for the well you have. Texas A&M AgriLife Extension notes that most livestock producers use rainwater as a supplemental supply, though it can be the main source if the system is sized so demand does not outrun supply.
How Much Rain a Roof Collects
Each square foot of roof sheds about 0.6 gallon of water for every inch of rain. A 2,000 square foot barn roof collects about 1,200 gallons from a 1 inch rain.
Sizing Storage
Texas A&M AgriLife sizes storage from daily use and the longest dry spell you expect. In their example, 10 sheep drinking 4 gallons a day need 40 gallons daily; covering 90 days without rain takes 3,600 gallons of storage, and filling that from a 1 inch rain takes about 6,000 square feet of roof.